in this study a pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for fossil fuel power plants is presented. parameters which their effects are considered in this study include: plant type, fuel type, fuel transmission type, internal consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. investigating internal consumption, degradation and site ambient con...

  Food packaging is used to maintain the safety and quality of food during distribution and storage and to protect them from adverse internal and external conditions, such as water vapor, spoilage due to microorganisms, moisture, light, and dust. In this regard, lots of research studies have been done to increase shelf life, safety, and quality to create suitable physico...

the objectives for this study were first to understand and estimate energy consumption in each stage of production and processing of milk using regional data and second, suggesting improvement opportunities. a cradle to gate assessment of market milk was performed by separating the system into three stages: agronomy, animal farm and processing plant. data were collected from multiple sources e....

environmental issues have attracted many concerns in recent years. life cycle assessment (lca) is a method that evaluates all environmental effects of a product during its life cycle. the objective of this study was to introduce lca [to persian researchers] and to use it in assessment of environmental impact of wheat production in gorgan, ne iran compared to european counties. first, data were ...

The literature on the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to process industry products and particularly to chemical processes has been reviewed. The main purpose of an LCA is to provide a quantitative assessment of the environmental impact of products over their entire life cycle, with a view to making improvements. Application to processes, which are key parts of the life cycle, is impo...

Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is the evaluation of the impacts that design decisions have on a system and provides a framework for identifying and evaluating design benefits and burdens associated with the life cycles of space transportation systems from a "cradle-to-grave" approach. Sometimes called “life cycle assessment”, “life cycle approach”, or “cradle to grave analysis”, it represents a rapi...

Life cycle assessment (LCA) methods and tools are increasingly being taught in university courses. Students are learning the concepts and applications of process-based LCA, input−output-based LCA, and hybrid methods. Here, we describe a classroom simulation to introduce students to an economic input−output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) method. The simulation uses a simplified four-industry ec...

The sector of construction equipment is currently in change. The scarcity of fossil resources and raw materials as well as rising energy costs in the last years and new political and technical requirements has brought the industry to a massive rethinking. A reduction of energy consumption is one of the most important innovation topics in this industry branch. In order to fulfill high energy req...